{"id":8828,"date":"2023-12-19T03:32:51","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T01:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/internet-archive-defend-le-pret-numerique-comme-un-usage-legal-et-non-une-violation-du-droit-dauteur-decouvrez-pourquoi\/"},"modified":"2023-12-19T03:32:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T01:32:52","slug":"internet-archive-defend-le-pret-numerique-comme-un-usage-legal-et-non-une-violation-du-droit-dauteur-decouvrez-pourquoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/internet-archive-defending-numeric-pret-as-legal-use-and-not-infringement-of-copyright-discover-why\/","title":{"rendered":"The Internet Archive defends digital lending as legal use, not copyright infringement - Find out why!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f3d1c2bc460\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f3d1c2bc460\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/internet-archive-defending-numeric-pret-as-legal-use-and-not-infringement-of-copyright-discover-why\/#Les_maisons_dedition_portent_plainte_contre_lInternet_Archive\" >Publishers file suit against the Internet Archive<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/internet-archive-defending-numeric-pret-as-legal-use-and-not-infringement-of-copyright-discover-why\/#Violation_massive_des_droits_dauteur_ou_utilisation_equitable\" >Massive copyright infringement or fair use?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/internet-archive-defending-numeric-pret-as-legal-use-and-not-infringement-of-copyright-discover-why\/#LInternet_Archive_depose_un_memoire_en_appel\" >Internet Archive files appeal brief<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/internet-archive-defending-numeric-pret-as-legal-use-and-not-infringement-of-copyright-discover-why\/#Aucune_concurrence\" >No competition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/internet-archive-defending-numeric-pret-as-legal-use-and-not-infringement-of-copyright-discover-why\/#Enjeux_eleves\" >High stakes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_maisons_dedition_portent_plainte_contre_lInternet_Archive\"><\/span>Publishers file suit against the Internet Archive<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In 2020, publishers Hachette, HarperCollins, John Wiley and Penguin Random House sued the Internet Archive (IA) for copyright infringement, calling its \"Open Library\" a piracy site.<\/p>\n<p>The AI Library is a non-profit operation that digitizes physical books, which can then be borrowed by users as e-books. Users can also borrow books that are digitized in-house, with technical restrictions that prevent copying.<\/p>\n<p>In keeping with the age-old library concept, only one user at a time can borrow a digital copy of a physical book for a limited time.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Violation_massive_des_droits_dauteur_ou_utilisation_equitable\"><\/span>Massive copyright infringement or fair use?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not all rights holders are happy with AI's digitization and lending activities. Publishers are not against libraries per se, and they have no objection to e-book lending, but \"authorized\" libraries usually obtain an official license or negotiate specific conditions. The Internet Archive has no license.<\/p>\n<p>Publishers consider the AI library to be an underground operation engaged in deliberate and massive copyright infringement, directly damaging their sales. They therefore want it shut down for good.<\/p>\n<p>The Internet Archive totally disputed the accusations of copyright infringement; it provides an essential service to the public, the Archive said, relying on the legal defense of fair use.<\/p>\n<p>After considering arguments from both sides, New York District Court Judge John Koeltl sided with the publishers. In March, the court granted their motion for summary judgment, meaning that the library is indeed liable for copyright infringement.<\/p>\n<p>The judgment and associated permanent injunction effectively prohibited the library from reproducing or distributing digital copies of the \"covered books\" without the authorization of the rights holders. These restrictions were subject to a possible appeal, which was announced shortly afterwards.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LInternet_Archive_depose_un_memoire_en_appel\"><\/span>Internet Archive files appeal brief<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Last week, IA filed its opening brief with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, asking it to reverse the lower court's judgment. The library argues that the court erred in rejecting its fair use defense.<\/p>\n<p>Defending the fair use of AI depends on the way in which <a rel='\\\"nofollow\\\"' target='\\\"_blank\\\"' href=\"\/en\/%5C%22https:\/\/copyright.columbia.edu\/basics\/fair-use.html%5C%22\/\">four relevant factors<\/a> are weighed up. According to the lower court, these are in favor of the publishers, but the library disagrees. On the contrary, it believes that its service promotes the creation and sharing of knowledge, which is the fundamental objective of copyright.<\/p>\n<p>\"This court should reverse and conclude that AI controlled digital lending falls within fair use. This practice, like traditional library lending, promotes public accessibility to knowledge without harming authors or publishers,\" reads the brief.<\/p>\n<p>A fair use analysis must take into account the interests of both parties. The lower court did so, but AI argues that it reached the wrong conclusions, failing to properly consider the \"enormous public benefits\" that controlled digital lending offers.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aucune_concurrence\"><\/span>No competition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the key fair use factors at stake is whether AI's lending program affects (i.e. threatens) the traditional e-book lending market. AI uses expert witnesses to assert that there is no financial harm, and further argues that its service is fundamentally different from the e-book licensing market.<\/p>\n<p>AI offers access to digital copies of books, which is similar to licensed libraries. However, the non-profit organization says its lending program is not a substitute, as it offers a fundamentally different service.<\/p>\n<p>\"For example, libraries can't use e-book licenses to build permanent collections. But they can use licenses to easily modify the selection of e-books they offer to adapt to changing interests,\" writes AI.<\/p>\n<p>Licensing models make these libraries more flexible. However, they have to rely on books offered by commercial aggregators and cannot add these digital copies to their archives.<\/p>\n<p>\"Controlled digital lending, on the other hand, allows libraries to lend only books from their own permanent collections. They can preserve and lend out older editions, keeping an accurate historical record of the books as they were printed.<\/p>\n<p>\"They can also provide access that doesn't depend on what publishers choose to make available. But libraries must own a copy of every book they lend out, so they can't easily swap one book for another when interests or trends change,\" adds AI.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enjeux_eleves\"><\/span>High stakes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The arguments put forward here represent only a fraction of the 74-page opening brief, which goes into much greater detail and ultimately concludes that the district court's judgment should be set aside.<\/p>\n<p>In a recent blog post, AI founder Brewster Kahle writes that if the lower court's verdict is upheld, the books will not be able to be preserved for future generations in digital form, in the same way that paper versions have been archived for centuries.<\/p>\n<p>\"This lawsuit is about more than the Internet Archive; it's about the role of all libraries in the digital age. This lawsuit is an attack on a well-established practice used by hundreds of libraries to provide public access to their collections.<\/p>\n<p>\"The lower court's disastrous decision in this case has implications far beyond our organization, shaping the future of all libraries in the U.S. and, unfortunately, around the world,\" concludes Kahle.<\/p>\n<p><em>-<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A copy of the Internet Archive's opening brief, filed with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, is available here (pdf).<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[586],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu-tech","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8829,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8828\/revisions\/8829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toukiela.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}